I can't immediately point to any detailed information about this at the moment, but based on information that can go into the log file (including the returned HTTP status code and bytes served in the response, as well as the fact that conditional log configurations can include certain files, request types, source IP addresses, etc), I'd say it's logical to assume that information to the log file is written once the request has been served.
Here's a list of possible fields that can be used in a LogFormat configuration statement, though:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mo ... ml#formats