I suspect that you might be safe as the disks linode presents to the end user are stored as (i think), vhd files on disk, so when when you delete a linode disk the server just deletes the vhd file.
Because a linode doesnt get raw disk access I don't think that another customer would be able to retrieve any files from your old disk.
Of course this wouldn't stop someone who had access to the host server from retrieving the deleted disk image and recovering files from it but if they had access to the host then there really isn't much you can do short of whole disk encryption (plus if they have access to the host then you have bigger worries!).
Of course this answer does make assumptions on how Linode setup Xen so I could be totally wrong about this
