DNS has nothing to do with ports - the main use of Domain Name Service (DNS) is to map domain names to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. When DNS receives "linode.com" it maps that to an IP address like 72.14.180.202, for example.
Browsers then use the IP address to request web pages. If the request is http, such as
http://linode.com, the request is made using port 80 by default. If the request uses https, such as
https://linode.com, the request is made using port 443 by default and should be encrypted using Secure Socket Layer (SSL).
You can tell browsers not to use the default ports, for example
http://linode.com:8080 - but there must be some software on the server listening for requests on that port or you will get no response.
One problem with using non-standard ports is that many firewalls, such as the outgoing firewall where I work, will block non-standard ports. For this reason you might be better off to use the standard port 80.
James