With HTTPS
through a load balancer, the connection is encrypted end-to-end. There's no way for the load balancer to modify (or even see) the contents, so there's no in-band way for it to communicate the client's actual IP address.
Just because you're paying for the man in the middle doesn't mean he's not a man in the middle
If I had to come up with one possible method to do this right now, it would involve triggering a single, brief, non-blocking HTTPS request directly to a web server under your control (i.e. not load balanced) with an identifier (i.e. a session ID) tying it to the main session. You then have two IP addresses for that session and can eliminate the NodeBalancer one.
Also, based on that code snippet, I'm 99% sure you've never used VHDL.

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Code:
/* TODO: need to add signature to posts */