The only real reliable way is to use an increased MTU (without unicorns) is over the internal network. This I suspect would give benefit for for database connections, proxies, drbd, load balancers.
Nodebalancer to backend seems like a place where jumbo frames could be used if the Nodebalancer assembles TCP packets from/to web clients gives the backend less to assemble. Only way to see what impact is by testing.
Some small stats/recommendations I could find were;
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An Oracle test Seems to indicate a throughput increase of %4. I'd assume other DB based protocols would suffer the same bottlenecks.
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DRBD documentation suggests a performance increase under a number of likely deployment scenarios.
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MySQL cluster